Zoology Syllabus PPSC Exam

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Section A

1. Biodiversity (Invertebrate & Vertrtebrates)

• Protozoans structure and function of Paramecium and Plasmodium.
• Canal System in Porifera.
• Polymorphism among Coelentrates.
• Types of Coelom and larval forms among Annelids.
• Structure and life history of Pila and Jepia.
• Structure and life history of Mosquito, Cockrocach, Honeuy bee and Termite.
• Structure and life history of Branchiostma and Herdmania.
• Pisces : Habitat, scales, locomotion and migration.
• Origin of Amphibia and Reptilia.
• Aves : origin,flight and migration.
• Mammalia : Origin,egg laying mammals,aquatic mammals and primates.
• Comparative functional anatomy of Integument, Respiration, Circulatory and Excretory system.

2. Ecology and Ethology

• Biosphere : Biogeochemical cycles, green-house effect, ozone layer and its impact, ecological succession, biomes and ecotones.
• Population characteristics, Population dynamics, population stabilization.
• Conservation of natural resources, mineral mining, fisheries, aquaculture, forestry, grassland, wildlife (Major Conservation Projects): sustainable production in agriculture-integrated pest management.
• Environmental biodegradation, Pollution and its impact on biosphere and its prevention.
• Behaviour: Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning instinct, habituation, conditioning and imprinting.
• Orientation, navigation, homing, Biological rhythms, biological clock, tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms.

Section B

4. Evolution and Systemetics

• Natural selection, role of mutation in evolution, mimicry, variation, isolation, speciation.
• Fossils and fossilization, evolution of elephant and man.
• Hardy-Weinberg Law, causes of change in gene frequency.
• Continental drift and distribution of animals.
• Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics.

5. Biostatistics & Instumentation

• Designing of experiments, null hypothesis, correlation, regression, distribution and measure of central tendency,
• Chi-Square, student t-test, F-test (one-way & two-way F-test).
• Spectrophotometry, flame photometry, Geiger-Muller counter, scintiliation counter.
• Electron microscopy (TEM,SEM).

Section C

5. Genetics and Cell Biology

• Structure and function of organelles ( plasma, membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes microbodies lysosomes), cell division mitosis and meosis.
• Watson-Crick model of DNA, replication of DNA, protein synthesis, transcription and transcription factors.
• Cloning technology, plasmids and plasmids as vectors, transgenics, transposons, DNA sequence cloning and whole animal cloning ( principles and methodology).
• Regulation and gene expression in pro-and eukaryotes.
• Signal transduction, pedigree-analysis, congenital diseases in man.
• Human genome DNA finger-printing.

6. Biochemistry and Mammalian Physiology

• Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, lipids, proteins, amino acids, Nucleic acids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol.
• Glycolysis and Krebs cycle,oxidation and reduction,oxidation.
• Phosphorylation,energy conservation and release,ATP, cyclic AMP-its structure and role.
• Enzymes : types and mechanisms of action, immunoglobulins and immunity, vitamins and co-enzymes.
• Bioenergetics.
• Composition and constituents of blood, bloodgroups and Rh factor In man, coagulation factors and mechanism of coagulation, acid base Balance, thermo regulation.
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, haemoglobin: constituents and role in regulation.
• Nutritive requirements, role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and Intestinal glands in digestion and absorption.
• Excretory products, nephron and regulation of urine formation Osmoregulation.
• Types of muscles, mechanism of contraction of striated muscle.
• Neuron, nerve impulse its conduction and synaptic transmission, Neurotransmitters.
• Vision, hearing and olfaction in man.
• Mechanism of hormone action.
• Physiology of reproduction-role of hormones and pheromones.

Section D

7. Developmental Biology

• Differentiation from gamete to neurula stage, dedifferentiation, metaplasia, induction, morphogenesis and morphogen, fate maps Of gastrulae in frog and chick, organogenesis of eye and heart, Placentation in mammals.
• Role of cytoplasm in genetic control of development, cell lineage, Causation of metamorphosis in frog and insects, paedogenesis and neotony, growth/degrowth and cell death, ageing, blastogenesis, Regeneration ,teratogenesis, neoplasia.
• Invasivness of placenta, in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, cloning.
• Baer’s law, evo-devo concept.

8. Economic Zoology

• Apiculture/sericulture/lac culture,carp culture, pearl culture/prawn culture.
• Major infectious and communicable diseases (small pox/plague/Malaria/tuberculosis/cholera and AIDS)their vectors/pathogens and prevention.
• Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogens(helminthes) and Vectors (ticks/mites, Tabanus, Stomoxys)
• Pests of sugarcane (Pyrilla perpusiella), stored grain pests (Trogoderma granarium-khapra beetle, Collosobruchus analis-mung dhora)
• Humoral and cellular immune-response dichotomy , B-Lymphocyte, humoral antibodies structure and function, antibody diversity, antigens/physical and chemical properties of antigens, compliment fixation vaccines, hyperimmune serum/t-lymphocytes (types), Cellular immune-response/self and nonself host-compatibility antigen. Cellular interactions in immunity, macrophages/ significance of AIDS virus, immune surveillance and cancer.

Note : The Examiners shall set eight questions, two question from each section. The candidates are required to attempt 5 questions in all , selecting at least one question from each section. All questions carry equal marks.