Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC)

1. Theory of Machines : Kinematic and dynamic analysis of planar mechanisms. Cams, Gears and gear trains, Flywheels, Governors, Balancing of rigid rotors, Balancing of single and multi-cylinder engines, Linear vibration analysis of mechanical systems (single degree and two degrees of freedom). Critical speeds and whirling of shafts, Belts and chain drives. Hydrodynamic bearing.



2. Mechanics of Solids : Stress and strain in two dimensions. Principal stresses and strains, Mohr’s circle, linear elastic materials, isotropy and an-isotropy, Stress-strain relations, Uni-axial loading, thermal stresses. Beams : Bending moment and shear force diagrams, bending stresses and deflection of beams, Shear stress distribution. Torsion of shafts, helical springs. Combined stresses, Thick and thin walled pressure vessels. Shrink fits. Struts and columns, strain energy concepts and theories of failure. Rotating discs.

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1. Engineering Materials : Basic concepts on structure of solids, Crystalline materials, Defects in crystalline materials, Iron-Carbon Diagram, structure and properties of common engineering materials. Heat treatment of steels. Plastics, Ceramics and composite Materials, common applications of various materials.



2. Manufacturing Science : Marchant’s force analysis, Taylor’s tool life equation, machinability and machining economics. Basic types of machine tools and their processes. Rigid, small and flexible automation, NC, CNC. Recent machining methods – EDM, ECM and ultrasonics. Application of lasers and plasmas, forming processes. High energy rate forming. Jigs and fixtures, tools and gauges, Inspection of length, position, profile and surface finish.



3. Manufacturing Management : Production Planning and Control, Forecasting -Moving average, exponential smoothing. Operations scheduling ; assembly line balancing. Product development. Breakeven analysis, Capacity planning. PERT and CPM.
   
   Control Operations: Inventory control –ABC analysis. EOQ model, Materials requirement planning . Job design, Methods and time study. Job standards, work measurement. Quality management - SQC and TQM. Operations Research : Linear programming. Graphical and simplex methods. Transportation and assignment models, Single server queuing model. Value Engineering : Value analysis, for cost/ value.

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1. Thermodynamics : Basic concepts. Open and close systems, Applications of Thermodynamic Laws, Gas equations, Clapeyron equation, Availability, Irreversibility and Tds relations.



2. I.C. Engines, Fuels and Combustion : Spark ignition and compression ignition engines, Four stroke engine and Two stroke engines, mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies, Heat balance. Combustion process in S.I and C.I. engines, pre-ignition, detonation in S.I. engine. Diesel knock in C.I. engine. Choice of engine fuels, Octane and Cetane ratings. Alternate fuels, Carburetion and Fuel injection. Engine emissions and control. Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, stoichometric air requirements and excess air factor, fuel gas analysis, higher and lower calorific values and their measurements.



3. Heat transfer : One and two dimensional heat conduction. Heat transfer from extended surfaces, heat transfer by forced and free convection. Heat exchangers. Fundamentals for diffusive and convective mass transfer, Radiation laws, heat exchange between black and non black surfaces, Network Analysis.

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1. Refrigeration & Air-conditioning : Heat pump refrigeration cycles and systems, Condensers, evaporators and expansion devices and controls. Properties and choice of refrigerant. Refrigeration Systems and components, psychometrics, comfort indices, cooling load calculations, solar refrigeration.



2. Turbo-Machines : Continuity, momentum and Energy Equations, laminar and turbulent flow, boundary layer concept. Adiabatic and Isentropic flow, fanno lines, Raylegh lines. Theory and design of axial flow turbines and compressors, Impulse and reaction turbines. Centrifugal and reciprocating pumps. Dimensional analysis and modeling. Flow of steam through nozzles, critical pressure ratio, shock formation and its effect. Steam Generators - Mountings and accessories. Modern High pressure, high duty boilers, Draft and dust removal equipment, Fuel and cooling water systems, heat balance, economics of power generation.