Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC)

Agriculture | Botany | Chemistry | Civil Engineering | Commerce | Computer Science | Economics
Defence & Strategic Studies | Electrical Engineering | Electronics Engineering | Essay (Compulsory)
English Literature | English (Compulsory) | Geography | Geology | Hindi Literature | History | Law
Mathematics | Management (only for mains) | Mechanical Engineering | Medical Science | Physics
Philosophy | Political Science | Psychology | Public Administration | Punjabi Literature
Punjabi (Compulsory) | Sanskrit | Sociology | Statistics | Urdu Language
Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry | Zoology

Section A

1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology : Structure and reproduction of viruses, bacteria, plasmids /and fungi. Application of microbiology in agriculture, industry and medicine. General account of infection, important plant diseases caused by viruses, bacteria , mycoplasma and fungi and their methods of control.



2. Cryptograms : General characters, classification and economic importance, algae, bryophytes and pteridophytes.



3. Phanerogams-I Gymnosperms : General Characters, Classification and distribution of Gymnosperms , Structure and reproduction of representative taxa, Geological time scale and fossil Gymnosperms.

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Section B - (Phanerogams-II)

4. Angiosperms : Origin and evolution, System of classification comparative account.
   
   
   Salient features of the families - Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceaie, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Liliaceae, Liliaceae Poaceae.
   
   Meristems - types and development, Anatomy of typical monocot and dicot root, stem and leaf and its functions, aomalous behaviour of cambium.
   
   Development of male and female gametophytes, Pollination, fertilization. Endosperm – its development and function. Patterns of embryo development. Polyembyony and apomixis.



5. Plant Utility and Exploitation : Origin of cultivated plants , Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibers, spices, beverages, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes, Imporance of Ethnobotany in Indian context.



6. Ecology and Plant Geography : Concepts and dynamics of community. Plant succession. Concepts of biosphere. Ecosystems and their conservtion. Pollution and its control. Phytogeograpgical regions of India afforestation, deforestation and social forestry. Endangered plants and endeminsm. Biodiversity. Convention of Biological. Diversity, Sovereign Rights and Intellectual Property Rights. Biogeochemical cyles. Global warming.

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Section C

7. Morphogenesis : Totopotency, polarity, symmety and differentitation. Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture. Somatic hybrids and Cybrids.



8. Cell Biology : Structure nad functions of extracellar matrix or ECM(cell wall) and membranes. Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts,mitochondria, ER, ribosomes, endosomes, lysosomes, Peroxisomes, hydrogenosome). Nuclus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex. Chromatin and nucleosome. Cell signalling and cell receptors. Signal transduction(G-1 proteins, etc) molecular basis of cell cycle. Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes and their significance. Polytene, lampbrush and B-chromosomes



9. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution : Linkage and crossing over- methods of gene including molecular maps( idea of mapping function) Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inhertance sex deermination, Mutation(biochemical and molecular basis) Cytoplasmic inheritance an cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility) structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Genetic code and rgulation of gene expression.

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Section D

10. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics : Methods of plant breeding inroduction, selection and hybridization(pedigree, backcross, massselection, bulk method) Micropropagation and genetic engineering-menthods of transfer ofgenes and transgenic crops. Standard deviation and coefficient of variation(CV). Tests of significance(Z-test, t-test and chi-square tests) Probability and distribution-(normal,binomial and Poission distributions). Correlation and regression.



11. Physiology and Biochemistry : Water relations, Mineral nutrition nd ion transport, mineral deficiencies. Photosynthesis-photochemical reactions, Photophosphorylation C3 C4 and CAM path ways, Photorespiration, Respiration(anaerobic and aerobic, including fermentation - election transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis. Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, Co-exzymes, energy transfer and energy conservation. Importance of secondary metabolities. Pigments as Photoreceptors (Plastidial pigments and phytochrome). Photoperiodism and flowering, veralization senescence. Growth substances-their chemical nature, role and applictions in agri-horticulture, growth indices, growth movements. Stress physiology(heat, water, salinity, metal) Fruit and seed physiology. Dormancy, storage and germination of seed.